“Architecture is not based on concrete, steel, and the elements of the soil, it’s based on wonder,” architect Daniel Libeskind once said. And when you see the incredible structures humans have created throughout history, it’s hard to disagree. Some designs are so ambitious that you can’t help but wonder how anyone came up with the idea in the first place, let alone figured out how to build it!

Over on the subreddit r/architecture, people regularly share beautiful buildings they’ve come across. We’ve gathered the most impressive examples, from centuries-old landmarks to unusual modern designs. Take a look below and see which ones are your favorites!

#1 Kopeshwar Temple , Khidrapur, India

#2 New York Public Library, New York City, 1911

#3 1wtc… Surreal Reflection Of The Blue Sky Behind Me

Architecture has been around for thousands of years, and it’s pretty fascinating to see how much it has changed. Every generation of architects has had different materials to work with and new problems to solve.

Some of their ideas have completely changed how we build, while others have been passed down for centuries. And interestingly enough, a few ancient techniques are still giving modern architects plenty to think about.

#4 The Tension Instrument Concert Hall Designed By Lihan Jin.the Design Won The Gold A' Design Award In 2023 For Architecture

#5 The Palace That Was Built In The Name Of Love, Royal Alcázar Of Seville

#6 Social Housing In French Suburbs

Take the Pantheon in Rome, for example. Built nearly 1,900 years ago, it still has the largest unreinforced concrete dome in the world. The Romans achieved this without the steel reinforcement commonly used in modern construction.

They also made the concrete progressively lighter toward the top of the dome, helping it support its enormous weight. Pretty impressive for something built so long ago!

#7 Meenakshi Temple, Madurai

#8 Conversion Of A Ruined Church Into A Cultural Centre In Requena, Spain - Francisco Jurado And Belen Ilarri (2015)

#9 Dali Catholic Church, China

#10 Tao Zhu Yin Yuan By Vincent Callebaut Architects In Taipei,taiwan (2018)

But ancient builders weren’t only concerned with keeping their structures standing. They also had to figure out how to make them comfortable to live in. In the Iranian city of Yazd, for example, traditional buildings feature special towers called windcatchers, which help cool indoor spaces by directing air through them.

According to UNESCO, these towers, along with thick earthen walls and courtyards, helped residents adapt to the harsh desert climate. It’s a clever solution that doesn’t require modern air conditioning.

#11 La Tulipe In Geneva - Blooming Brutalism

#12 La Porte Bleu, Marseille

#13 Tashkent Metro: One Of World’s Most Beautiful Subway System

As centuries passed, new materials opened up possibilities that earlier architects could barely have imagined. One particularly impressive example was London’s Crystal Palace, built for the Great Exhibition of 1851.

Designed by Joseph Paxton, the enormous structure was made using almost 300,000 panes of glass supported by an iron framework. Even more remarkably, the whole thing was completed in just seven months. Its prefabricated parts made construction much quicker than traditional methods allowed.

Sadly, the Crystal Palace was destroyed by a fire in 1936, so we can only admire it in old photographs and illustrations today.

#14 The "Cracked Open" Building Orn Denver By Mad Architects Is Based On The Biophlic Design Concept

#15 Foding Palace, Nanjing. One Of The Most Insane Buddhist Temples

#16 Some NYC Architecture From My Stroll Yesterday

It took a long time for women to be officially welcomed into the world of architecture. For centuries, the profession was dominated by men, and women often struggled to get the same education and opportunities. In Britain, for example, women weren’t admitted to the Royal Institute of British Architects until 1898.

That year, Ethel Mary Charles became its first female member, followed by her sister Bessie in 1900. Both sisters had previously been refused entry to the Architectural Association, which didn’t begin admitting women until 1917.

#17 Chengdu Jiaozi Park, One Of The City's Most Design-Oriented Landscape Parks

#18 Zig Zag Hotel In Himare, Albania Designed By Ja Joubert Architecture

#19 Catholic Diocese Of Christchurch, Nz, Reveals Design Plans For New Cathedral

Despite this achievement, the sisters still struggled to get work on larger projects, which were usually reserved for men. Instead, they focused on designing homes, often for female clients. Ethel, for example, designed workers’ cottages for Letchworth Garden City in 1905.

The sisters also worked together on residential projects in Cornwall. Their careers helped open doors for future generations of female architects, even if they didn’t get the same recognition as many of their male contemporaries.

#20 When Architect Ian Simpson Designed Beetham Tower In Manchester, He Moved Into The Top Floor Penthouse And Had Roughly 30 Olive Trees Installed On The 47/48th Floors

#21 St. Nicholas Greek Orthodox Church Looks Like A Glowing Marble Jewel Box Nestled Right Into The Heart Of Manhattan

#22 Ceilings In Uzbekistan

Across the Atlantic, another woman was making history of her own. Julia Morgan became California’s first licensed female architect in 1904 and went on to design more than 700 buildings throughout her career.

Her most famous project was Hearst Castle, an enormous estate in California that looks like something straight out of a European fairy tale. In 2014, she became the first woman to receive the American Institute of Architects’ Gold Medal, although the honor came more than 50 years after she passed away.

#23 Sainte-Chapelle In Paris

#24 Ceiling In Hindu Temple

#25 Doolittle House By Kendrick Bangs Kellogg

Thankfully, the following generations of female architects have gained much greater recognition. One of the most famous was Zaha Hadid, whose bold, flowing designs challenged traditional ideas about what buildings could look like.

In 2004, she became the first woman to win the Pritzker Architecture Prize, one of the profession’s highest honors. Interestingly, Hadid originally studied mathematics before pursuing architecture, which may help explain her fascination with unusual geometric forms. Her work has since become some of the most recognizable in modern architecture.

#26 The 1960s Facade Of A Historic Building In Richmond Indiana Was Recently Removed

#27 Elastika By Zaha Hadid Architects

#28 The Marina City Towers In Chicago, Illinois Designed By Bertrand Goldberg (1967)

Looking at all these different approaches, it’s clear that there’s no single way to create great architecture. Some architects find inspiration in nature, while others experiment with materials or develop entirely new techniques.

And although styles will continue to change, it’s exciting to imagine which of today’s creations people might still be admiring hundreds of years from now. For now, we’re lucky to have so many incredible examples from different periods of history to enjoy.